Some Interesting Facts About Kidney Stones

 

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*      Louis C. Herring Laboratory has analyzed over 4 million calculi, more than all other stone laboratories in the United States combined.

 

*       The largest known kidney stone weighed 1.36 kilograms.The smallest kidney stones are microscopic crystals; it is possible to analyze stones weighing less than 0.1 mg.

 

*       Kidney stones come in virtually any color; but most are yellow to brown.

 

*       The shape and size of the stone may tell something about how it was formed.

 

*       Most stones are formed and excreted singly.

 

*       Hippocrates (470/460 B.C.-380/360 B.C.) makes reference to kidney stones in the Hippocratic Oath as follows:  "I will not cut persons labouring under the stone, but will leave this to be done by men who are practitioners of this work."

 

*       Louis Napoleon, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, lost the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 due wholly or in part from impaired kidney function resulting from kidney stone formation.

 

*       To date over 200 components have been found in calculi; however, the most common constituents of kidney stones are:

 

●  Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (Whewellite); CaC2O4 ● H2O

●  Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (Weddellite); CaC2O4 ● 2H2O

●  Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite); MgNH4PO4 ● 2H2O

●  Calcium Phosphate, Carbonate Form (Carbonate Apatite); Ca10(PO4)6-x(OH)2-y(CO3)x+y

●  Calcium Phosphate, Hydroxyl Form (Hydroxyl Apatite); Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

●  Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Brushite); CaHPO4 ● 2H2O

●  Uric Acid; C5H4N4O3

●  Cystine; (SCH2CH(NH2)●COOH)2

●  Sodium Acid Urate; NaH●C5H2O3N4 ● H2O

●  Tricalcium Phosphate (Whitlockite); Ca3(PO4)2

●  Ammonium Acid Urate; NH4H●C5H2O3N4 ● H2O

●  Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate Trihydrate (Newberyite); MgHPO4 ● 3H2O

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